@article{Alhasani_Al-Akwa_Al-Shamahy_Al-deen_Al-labani_2020, title={BIOFILM FORMATION AND ANTIFUNGAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF CANDIDA ISOLATES FROM ORAL CAVITY AFTER THE INTRODUCTION OF FIXED ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES}, volume={5}, url={https://www.ujpr.org/index.php/journal/article/view/435}, DOI={10.22270/ujpr.v5i4.435}, abstractNote={<p><strong>Background and aims</strong>: Fixed Orthodontic Appliances (FOA) act as diverse impact zones and modify microbial adherence and colonization, acting as unfamiliar reserves and potential sources of infection  This study was conducted to inspect the effect of the introduction of fixed orthodontic appliances on the growth and adherence (biofilm formation) of <em>Candida </em>species. And also to reveal the species distribution and antifungal sensitivity to isolated <em>Candida</em> species. </p> <p><strong>Material and methods</strong>: The trial group was chosen   from orthodontic patients whom were inspected clinically as soon as to get baseline information prior to active treatment. The group included 210 patients; 165 females, and 45 males, (mean age 21.6 ± 4.5 years). Clinical, demographic, and risk factor data were collected in a standard questionnaire and then each individual was directed to perform an oral rinse with phosphate-buffered saline, which was expectorated and processed proposed for the isolation and identification of <em>Candida</em> species by standard methods. After that, the isolated <em>Candida</em> species were tested for biofilm production by the phenotypic method i.e. Tissue culture palate methods (TCPM). Finally, antibiogram susceptibility pattern of oral <em>Candida</em> species was done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method for amphotericin B, ketoconazole, and fluconazole.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>The most common yeast colonized oral cavity after the introduction of FOA was <em>C. albicans</em> (72.5%), followed by <em>C. glabrata</em> and <em>C. tropicalis</em>  (12.5%), while <em>Candida parapsilosis  only</em> was 2.5%. The rate of formation of biofilms was 52.5% for all types of <em>Candida</em>, and it was found that biofilm formation occurs more frequently among <em>C. tropicals  </em>and<em> C. glabrata</em> (60%) than <em>C. albicans</em> (48.3%). All C<em>andida</em> species isolates were sensitive to amphotericin B and ketoconazole while resistance to fluconazole was found in 40% of <em>C. tropicalis </em>and 20% in <em>C. glabrata</em>  and 13.8% in <em>C. albicans</em>. </p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The present study proved that <em>C. albicans</em> is still the major isolate from the oral cavity after the introduction of FOA, but non-<em>albicans </em>species colonization is raised and FOA might be a factor for biofilm formation. The <em>C. tropicalis</em> and <em>C. glabrata</em> were more– biofilm-producers compared to <em>C. albicans</em>. The isolated species in the current study are less susceptible to fluconazole and drug resistant factor in the <em>Candida </em>species isolates was found to be associated with  biofilm formation.</p> <p>                      <img src="https://ujpr.org/public/site/images/dd/r51.gif" /></p> <p><a href="https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?oi=bibs&hl=en&cites=2519623672757196250" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong><img src="https://ujpr.org/public/site/images/editor/Google_scholar_image3.JPG" /></strong></a></p> <p><strong>Peer Review History: </strong></p> <p><strong>Received</strong> 4 July 2020; <strong>Revised</strong> 2 August; <strong>Accepted</strong> 4 September, <strong>Available online</strong> 15 September 2020</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Academic Editor:</strong> <strong>Essam Mohamed Eissa<sub><a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8428-6373" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="https://ujpr.org/public/site/images/editor/orcid22.jpg" /></a></sub></strong><strong>, </strong>Beni-Suef University, Egypt, <em>dressamceutics@yahoo.com</em></p> <p><strong>Received file:<a href="http://ujpr.org/2020/5-4-r5.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="https://ujpr.org/public/site/images/drkk/blue_23983.gif" /></a>                Reviewer’s Comments:<a href="http://ujpr.org/2020/5-4-r5-comments.doc" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="https://ujpr.org/public/site/images/drkk/download_logo_r_29189.gif" /></a></strong></p> <p><strong>Average Peer review marks at initial stage:</strong> 6.5/10</p> <p><strong>Average Peer review marks at publication stage:</strong> 8.0/10</p> <p><strong>Reviewer(s) detail:</strong></p> <p><strong>Dr. Wadhah Hassan Edrees<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7799-0466" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="https://ujpr.org/public/site/images/editor/orcid2.jpg" /></a></strong><strong>, </strong>Hajjah University, Yemen<strong>, </strong>edress2020@gmail.com</p> <p><strong>Dr. Muhammad Zahid Iqbal<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7486-9479" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img src="https://ujpr.org/public/site/images/editor/orcid2.jpg" /></a></strong>, AIMST University, Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia<strong>, </strong>drmmziqbal@gmail.com</p> <p><strong>Similar Articles:</strong></p> <p><a href="https://www.ujpr.org/index.php/journal/article/view/380" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ORAL CANDIDA ALBICANS COLONIZATION RATE IN FIXED ORTHODONTICS PATIENTS </a></p> <p><a href="https://www.ujpr.org/index.php/journal/article/view/80" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ORAL C. ALBICANS COLONIZATION AND NON-CANDIDA ALBICANS CANDIDA COLONIZATION AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS, YEMEN </a></p> <p><a href="https://www.ujpr.org/index.php/journal/article/view/176" target="_blank" rel="noopener">PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF ORAL NON-CANDIDA ALBICANS CANDIDA CARRIAGE IN DENTURE WEARERS IN SANA’A CITY- YEMEN </a></p>}, number={4}, journal={Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research}, author={Alhasani, Abdalhaq Hussin and Al-Akwa, Ameen Abdullah Yahya and Al-Shamahy, Hassan Abdul wahab and Al-deen, Hussein Mohammad Shoga and Al-labani, Mohammed A}, year={2020}, month={Sep.} }